Port Royale 4 Free Download (Incl. Buccaneers ...

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Port Royale 4 Free Download (Incl. Buccaneers ...

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The First European settlement on St. Thomas consisted of four taverns. Now known as Charlotte Amalie, today it is a haven for shoppers, but was once a pirate sanctuary. Legitimate trade gained popularity in the 1700s when it was declared a free port, making it the trading center of the West Indies. More than 1.7 million cruise ship guests visited here last year to enjoy the duty-free shops, historic attractions, pristine beaches and friendly locals.

This content was available through completion of missions on Assassin's Creed: Initiates. The website was redesigned and missions were removed in November 2014, but these rewards can still be unlocked by browsing the in-game additional content store and downloading the Initiates Rewards pack for free.

Thus the Spaniards of the seventeenth century, bypersisting, both at home and in their colonies, in aneconomic policy which was fatally inconsistent withtheir powers and resources, saw their commerce graduallyextinguished by the ships of the foreign interloper, andtheir tropical possessions fall a prey to marauding bandsof half-piratical buccaneers. Although struggling undertremendous initial disabilities in Europe, they hadattempted, upon the slender pleas of prior discoveryand papal investiture, to reserve half the world tothemselves. Without a marine, without maritime traditions,28they sought to hold a colonial empire greaterthan any the world had yet seen, and comparable onlywith the empire of Great Britain three centuries later.By discouraging industry in Spain, and yet enforcing inthe colonies an absolute commercial dependence on thehome-country, by combining in their rule of distantAmerica a solicitous paternalism with a restriction ofinitiative altogether disastrous in its consequences, theSpaniards succeeded in reducing their colonies to politicalimpotence. And when, to make their grip the more firm,they evolved, as a method of outwitting the foreigner of hisspoils, the system of great fleets and single ports of call,they found the very means they had contrived for theirown safety to be the instrument of commercial disaster.

Hawkins and Drake, however, were by no means theonly English privateers of that century in Americanwaters. Names like Oxenham, Grenville, Raleigh andClifford, and others of lesser fame, such as Winter, Knollysand Barker, helped to swell the roll of these Elizabethansea-rovers. To many a gallant sailor the Caribbean Seawas a happy hunting-ground where he might indulge athis pleasure any propensities to lawless adventure. If in1588 he had helped to scatter the Invincible Armada, henow pillaged treasure ships on the coasts of the SpanishMain; if he had been with Drake to flout his CatholicMajesty at Cadiz, he now closed with the Spaniardswithin their distant cities beyond the seas. Thus he linedhis own pockets with Spanish doubloons, and incidentallycurbed Philip's power of invading England. Nor must wethink these mariners the same as the lawless buccaneersof a later period. The men of this generation were of a41sterner and more fanatical mould, men who for theirwildest acts often claimed the sanction of religious convictions.Whether they carried off the heathen fromAfrica, or plundered the fleets of Romish Spain, theywere but entering upon "the heritage of the saints."Judged by the standards of our own century they werepirates and freebooters, but in the eyes of their fellow-countrymentheir attacks upon the Spaniards seemed fairand honourable.

The first two Stuart Kings, like the great Queenwho preceded them, and in spite of the presence of a51powerful Spanish faction at the English Court, lookedupon the Indies with envious eyes, as a source ofperennial wealth to whichever nation could secure them.James I., to be sure, was a man of peace, and soonafter his accession patched up a treaty with the Spaniards;but he had no intention of giving up any Englishclaims, however shadowy they might be, to America.Cornwallis, the new ambassador at Madrid, from avantage ground where he could easily see the financialand administrative confusion into which Spain, in spiteof her colonial wealth, had fallen, was most dissatisfiedwith the treaty. In a letter to Cranborne, dated 2ndJuly 1605, he suggested that England never lost sogreat an opportunity of winning honour and wealth as byrelinquishing the war with Spain, and that Philip andhis kingdom "were reduced to such a state as theycould not in all likelihood have endured for the spaceof two years more."67 This opinion we find repeatedin his letters in the following years, with covert hintsthat an attack upon the Indies might after all be themost profitable and politic thing to do. When, inOctober 1607, Zuniga, the Spanish ambassador inLondon, complained to James of the establishment ofthe new colony in Virginia, James replied that Virginiawas land discovered by the English and therefore notwithin the jurisdiction of Philip; and a week laterSalisbury, while confiding to Zuniga that he thoughtthe English might not justly go to Virginia, stillrefused to prohibit their going or command their return,for it would be an acknowledgment, he said, thatthe King of Spain was lord of all the Indies.68 In 1609,52in the truce concluded between Spain and the Netherlands,one of the stipulations provided that for nineyears the Dutch were to be free to trade in all placesin the East and West Indies except those in actualpossession of the Spaniards on the date of cessation ofhostilities; and thereafter the English and Frenchgovernments endeavoured with all the more persistenceto obtain a similar privilege. Attorney-General Heath,in 1625, presented a memorial to the Crown on theadvantages derived by the Spaniards and Dutch in theWest Indies, maintaining that it was neither safe norprofitable for them to be absolute lords of those regions;and he suggested that his Majesty openly interpose orpermit it to be done underhand.69 In September 1637proposals were renewed in England for a West IndiaCompany as the only method of obtaining a share inthe wealth of America. It was suggested that someconvenient port be seized as a safe retreat from whichto plunder Spanish trade on land and sea, and thatthe officers of the company be empowered to conquerand occupy any part of the West Indies, build ships,levy soldiers and munitions of war, and make reprisals.70The temper of Englishmen at this time was againillustrated in 1640 when the Spanish ambassador, Alonzode Cardenas, protested to Charles I. against certainships which the Earls of Warwick and Marlboroughwere sending to the West Indies with the intention,Cardenas declared, of committing hostilities against theSpaniards. The Earl of Warwick, it seems, pretendedto have received great injuries from the latter andthreatened to recoup his losses at their expense. Heprocured from the king a broad commission which gave53him the right to trade in the West Indies, and to"offend" such as opposed him. Under shelter of thiscommission the Earl of Marlborough was now goingto sea with three or four armed ships, and Cardenasprayed the king to restrain him until he gave securitynot to commit any acts of violence against the Spanishnation. The petition was referred to a committee ofthe Lords, who concluded that as the peace had neverbeen strictly observed by either nation in the Indiesthey would not demand any security of the Earl."Whether the Spaniards will think this reasonable ornot," concludes Secretary Windebank in his letter to SirArthur Hopton, "is no great matter."71

The term "buccaneer," though usually applied to thecorsairs who in the seventeenth century ravaged theSpanish possessions in the West Indies and the South Seas,should really be restricted to these cattle-hunters of westand north-west Hispaniola. The flesh of the wild-cattlewas cured by the hunters after a fashion learnt from theCaribbee Indians. The meat was cut into long strips, laidupon a grate or hurdle constructed of green sticks, anddried over a slow wood fire fed with bones and thetrimmings of the hide of the animal. By this means anexcellent flavour was imparted to the meat and a fine redcolour. The place where the flesh was smoked was calledby the Indians a "boucan," and the same term, from thepoverty of an undeveloped language, was applied to theframe or grating on which the flesh was dried. Incourse of time the dried meat became known as"viande boucannée," and the hunters themselves as"boucaniers" or "buccaneers." When later circumstancesled the hunters to combine their trade in fleshand hides with that of piracy, the name gradually lostits original significance and acquired, in the Englishlanguage at least, its modern and better-known meaningof corsair or freebooter. The French adventurers, however,seem always to have restricted the word "boucanier"to its proper signification, that of a hunter and curer ofmeat; and when they developed into corsairs, by a curiouscontrast they adopted an English name and called themselves"filibustiers," which is merely the French sailor'sway of pronouncing the English word "freebooter."101 041b061a72